TECHNICAL BULLETINS

Chemistries and Product Usage
Environmental Sustainability & Occupational Health
General Infection Control
Guidelines and Clinical Studies
Organism Specific

Chemistries and Product Usage

Technical Bulletin - Antibacterial Wipes (44 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“As Gareth Williams the lead researcher for the study stated “We found the most effective way to prevent the risk of MRSA spread in hospital wards is to ensure the wipe is used only once on one surface”. This should not come as a shock to anyone. Best practices for infection control recommend exactly this and this is how we train our Environmental Services staff, we just need to ensure that all staff within the healthcare facility understands how to appropriately use antimicrobial wipes.” pg. 2
Technical Bulletin - Calculating Product Concentrations (41 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
To ensure optimal cleaning or disinfection it is important that products are used at the dilution ratio specified on the product label. From time to time Public Health or Infection Control may request that the dilution control systems be tested to confirm the products are being diluted appropriately so it is important to know how to calculate Use Dilution concentration.
Technical Bulletin - Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds: Why is Bleach Used? (131 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document will provide a background on the use of chlorine and chlorine compounds, their history in healthcare and some limiting factors to the use of bleach as a disinfectant. Additionally, this document will address the potential concerns surrounding the introduction of new bleach-based products that have not gone through the Health Canada DIN registration process and therefore, provide limited to no support data with respect to disinfection contact times.
Technical Bulletin - Cleaning in Healthcare Facilities: Reducing Human Health Effects and Environmental Impacts (81 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“Without a doubt, the frequent and thorough use of cleaning and disinfectant products garners the need for safer and “greener” alternatives. However, any decision to switch to an alternative should not be made without careful consideration. As noted by American Society of Healthcare Environmental Services (ASHES), we cannot lower our level of care just for the sake of going “green”. This simply means that disinfectant products should be chosen on their ability to balance efficacy with safety, without compromising either.”
Technical Bulletin - Compatibility (167 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“The Reality: One product for all surfaces and devices does not exist. No disinfectant chemistry is compatible with 100% of all surfaces or devices. ”
Technical Bulletin - Hydrogen Peroxide: Today’s Safer Choice for Disinfection (142 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document augments the HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRODUCT COMPARISON CHART by providing a detailed background on the use of hydrogen peroxide in cleaning and disinfectant products, information on some of the inert ingredients that may be used to formulate the products and why Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide will surpass these new products from a cleaning, germicidal efficacy and safety perspective.
Excerpt:“As a patented technology Virox has been able to protect all of the “safer” chemicals that may work in synergy with Hydrogen Peroxide for development in future products. As a result, competitor companies will have to choose chemicals that are not as safe for people or the environment in order to develop hydrogen peroxide-based products.”
Technical Bulletin - Importance of Contact Times for Disinfectants (118 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide was the only chemistry that was able to achieve disinfection using the drying time regardless of contact time.”
Technical Bulletin - pH (212 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“pH is not the sole factor in determining the irritation/toxicity of a product. Each raw material by itself can contribute in the toxicity and irritation of the formula as a whole. The easiest way for your customers to find out about the toxicity/irritation of a product is to look into the toxicity/irritation tests for that product and they should make sure those tests have been 3rd party validated. ”
Technical Bulletin - Quality Control is Indispensible for Automated Dilution Systems with Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (113 KB): Virox Technologies Inc
Excerpt:“These strips are intended to indicate whether there may be a glaring issue with dispensing such as water quality, water pressure, proportioning tip malfunction, etc. It is important to clarify that these strips are not pass/fail and are therefore not absolute. The colour coding also means the results may be subjective. Therefore, test strips for surface disinfectants are meant for periodic testing of dilution systems to ensure quality control and periodic checks on staff practices for facilities that are free pouring.”
Technical Bulletin - Silver-containing Germicides (83 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“In comparing AHP to SDC, the 1-minute 0.5% AHP RTU formulation carries a 1-minute contact time against all of the relevant organisms that are associated with Outbreaks or HAIs. SDC may have contact times as short 30-seconds, however, upon review of the organisms relevant to infection control outbreaks the contact time needed for VRE and MRSA is 2-minutes. With regards to Norovirus, one of the most relevant viruses with respect to gastroenteritis outbreaks, SDC does not carry efficacy claims nor does SDC carry efficacy claims against Rotavirus or Adenovirus. ” pg. 3

Environmental Sustainability & Occupational Health

Technical Bulletin - Canadian Government to Ban or Restrict Toxic Chemicals (126 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“With the introduction of Canada’s stronger stance on chemicals, Health Care facilities that are currently using quats, phenols, ortho-phthaladehyde or glutaraldehydes will be reviewing the chemicals they use and looking for safer and sustainable alternatives. The proven health and safety profile of AHP and SHP solutions will make these products a perfect alternative. ”
Technical Bulletin - EcoLogo Disinfectant-Cleaner Registration of Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (195 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide has proven its superiority with respect to cleaning and disinfection properties and can now proudly display the EcoLogo as Canada’s FIRST registered Disinfectant-Cleaner. ”
Technical Bulletin - Efficacy of Green Cleaning Products with Respect to Common Respiratory Viruses and Mold Growth (98 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP® disinfectant products are uniquely designed to balance exceptional germicidal performance, including efficacy against more difficult to kill pathogens including non-enveloped viruses (Norovirus, Rhinovirus, Polio Virus, etc.) with superior health, safety and environmental profiles. In fact, AHP® was the first disinfectant chemistry to achieve EcoLogo Certification in Canada under the new CCD 166 criteria set forth by TerraChoice. ” pg. 3
Technical Bulletin - Occupational Health & Safety: Chemical Sensitivity (53 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
In this day and age with increasing numbers of people with food allergies, environmental allergies, chemical sensitivities and increasing respiratory problems such as asthma it is not uncommon that a small percentage of people using cleaners and disinfectants on a daily basis may experience side effects.
Excerpt:“At the use dilution, AHP has been proven to be non-toxic (acute oral, dermal and respiratory), nonirritating to eyes, non-corrosive to skin and non skin sensitizing (studies are available upon request).” pg. 3
Technical Bulletin - Response to Occupational Health & Safety Agency for Healthcare in British Columbia (130 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“As is clearly implied in the release, it is without a doubt best practice to not mix chemicals of any sort whether at home or at work. This is especially true with Chlorine based compounds such as bleach and highlights one of the reasons fewer and fewer facilities use bleach. Regardless of chemistry, whenever chemicals can be standardized including cleaning products and disinfectant products it is preferable as this reduces the potential risk for adverse outcomes.”

General Infection Control

Technical Bulletin - Battling Germs That Keep Getting Stronger (77 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“99% may be a great mark in school, but it’s a failing grade in Infection Control - Battling Germs That Keep Getting Stronger, an article appearing on www.cbc.ca, highlights the emergence of antibiotic resistant organisms (AROs) in healthcare and the community and the potential role certain antibacterial products play in the development of such resistance.”
Technical Bulletin - Biofilm (129 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document will help you and decision makers to better understand what Biofilms are and the relevance of using a disinfectant capable of killing and removing them.
Technical Bulletin - Canadian American Business Achievement Award (98 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“As a result of Virox’s partnership with JohnsonDiversey we are very excited to announce that both Virox and JohnsonDiversey have been awarded the prestigious Canadian American Business Achievement Award. This award is bestowed to a Canadian and American company whose joint enterprise demonstrates both the business and trade relationship between the United States and Canada. An international panel of judges using a criterion that examines sustained profitability, job creation, financial strength, environmental responsibility, corporate synergy, exceptional imagination and extraordinary innovation chooses the recipients. ”
Technical Bulletin - Effects of an Environmental Services Professional Training Course and Cleaning Products on the Rates of Infection Seen at Suburban Hospital (145 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a formal, eight-hour training course for hospital environmental services personnel on the overall rate of infections seen in a mid-sized suburban hospital. ”
Technical Bulletin - LONZA Paper - A Comparison Study of Disinfectant Cleaners based on Hydrogen Peroxide or Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (90 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
In an industry that relies on valid information flow in terms of accuracy and integrity, Virox maintains high standards. As a company that publishes fact based, peer reviewed data; we respect and welcome the opinion of impartial industry experts. The LONZA document is an internally generated report that contains a multitude of misleading statements and unrealistic comparisons in their favour. The reader must take into consideration the motive the architect of such a document might have.
Excerpt:“The selection of a chemical disinfectant for a particular application can be a non-trivial endeavour, generally requiring the consideration of several factors such as germicidal efficacy and spectrum of action, cleaning performance, potential for occupational and environmental hazards, compatibility to materials and surfaces, cost of use, and organoleptic characteristics (i.e. odour). Different individuals will place more or less importance on one of more of these performance characteristics. In most cases, however, the main selection criteria for infection control practitioners are a broad spectrum of activity, and the ability to perform rapidly, even under the presence of soil. AHP meets these requirements, as it is proven to possess wide germicidal action (bacteria and enveloped and non-enveloped viruses), rapid speed of kill (5-minutes), and benign occupational, environmental and organoleptic profiles.” pg. 3
Technical Bulletin - Modeling microbial survival in buildup biofilm for complex medical devices (BMC Infectious Diseases 2009, 9:56) (74 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“Hydrogen Peroxide as shown in this and other studies support the effectiveness of its oxidation properties in removing and preventing biofilm build-up when compared to cross-linking chemistries such as gluteraldehyde.” pg. 2
Technical Bulletin - The role of Environmental Surfaces in transmitting infections (116 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“Health care-associated infections remain a patient safety issue and represent a significant adverse outcome of the provision of care. There is clear evidence that the environment around the patient influences the incidence of infection in hospitals and other health care settings.”

Guidelines and Clinical Studies

Technical Bulletin - Best Practices Document for Management of Clostridium difficile in all health care settings (135 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document deals with the prevention and control of the transmission of Clostridium difficile Associated Disease (CDAD) in acute and non-acute health care settings and sets out the infection prevention and control practices to focus on preventing the transmission of CDAD to other patients, assist health care providers to promptly identify clusters of CDAD as well as to assist health care providers in the management of patients with CDAD and outbreaks related to CDAD.
Technical Bulletin - Best Practices For Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization In All Health Care Settings (April 2006) (117 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP has gained a reputation for being the most effective and safest disinfection product on the market. The addition of AHP into this document provides support that can help to convert healthcare facilities to AHP that are currently using quats, phenols, orthophthaladehyde or glutaraldehydes. ”
Technical Bulletin - Best Practices for Environmental Cleaning for Prevention and Control of Infections (December 2009) (136 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“This document will be an excellent tool to have in your arsenal of support for the use of the AHP Technology. Not only does the document legitimize the use of AHP but it includes a concise summary of best practices that covers cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces and noncritical devices as well as occupational health and safety and environmental issues. Many of these sections fall directly into the advantages of choosing AHP over other competitive chemistries.” pg. 4
Technical Bulletin - CDC Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008 (114 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document was developed by HICPAC (formerly the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee) and reviewed and approved by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008, presents evidence based recommendations on the preferred methods for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of patient care medical devices and for cleaning and disinfecting the healthcare environment. The document supercedes the relevant
Excerpt:“As both a fast acting Hospital Grade Disinfectant and Cleaner, this simplifies the cleaning protocol for Environmental Services Staff, as only one product needs to be used. The addition of AHP into this document provides support that can help to convert healthcare facilities to AHP that are currently using quats, phenols, or sodium hypochlorite.” pg. 3
Technical Bulletin - CDC Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008 (114 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document was developed by HICPAC (formerly the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee) and reviewed and approved by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008, presents evidence based recommendations on the preferred methods for cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of patient care medical devices and for cleaning and disinfecting the healthcare environment. The document supercedes the relevant
Excerpt:“As both a fast acting Hospital Grade Disinfectant and Cleaner, this simplifies the cleaning protocol for Environmental Services Staff, as only one product needs to be used. The addition of AHP into this document provides support that can help to convert healthcare facilities to AHP that are currently using quats, phenols, or sodium hypochlorite.” pg. 3
Technical Bulletin - ChildSafe Guidelines (96 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“Based on the research and subsequent testing that has been conducted on the final AHP and SHP products Virox has demonstrated that when compared to other products on the market, AHP and SHP are some of the safest to be found. With the movement towards using products that are safer for staff, and students in schools and daycare facilities, the proven health and safety profile of AHP and SHP solutions will make these products a perfect alternative. ”
Technical Bulletin - Guide to Hygiene and Sanitation in Aviation World Health Organization, 2009 (69 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“In 2006, over 2 billion passengers were carried by airlines, indicating that air transport is a potentially efficient means for spreading communicable disease by surface contact or proximity to infected persons. Therefore, effective cleaning and disinfecting regimens need to be put in place to mitigate the potential transfer of pathogens from an infected person to others via surfaces within the aircraft or airports.”
Technical Bulletin - Guidelines: Infection Prevention and Control in the Dental Office (107 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document was developed by the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario (RCDSO) and approved by Council in November of 2009. These Guidelines, which replace those issued by RCDSO in January 2002, are significantly broader and reflect current knowledge of the transmission of infection and how to prevent and control it. The document is intended to provide all Oral Health Care Workers (OHCWs) with the knowledge to properly implement necessary infection prevention and control measures in the
Excerpt:“Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP®) has gained a reputation for being the most effective and safest disinfectant technology on the market in Canada. AHP® disinfectant cleaner products are uniquely designed to balance exceptional germicidal performance, including efficacy against more difficult to kill pathogens including non-enveloped viruses (Norovirus, Rhinovirus, Polio Virus, etc.) with superior health, safety and environmental profiles. AHP® surface disinfectants in their RTU or use dilution forms have been proven to be non-toxic and non-irritating to eyes and skin. Additionally, AHP® solutions are Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) free, fragrance free and dye free.” pg. 2
Technical Bulletin - Mandatory Reporting of Patient Safety Indicators (105 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This past summer, the Ontario government announced plans to introduce public reporting on eight patient safety indicators. Seven of the eight are directly related to components of hospital Infection Prevention and Control Programs and three of these are directly related to environmental cleaning and disinfection. These include the public reporting of MRSA, VRE and Clostridium difficile infection rates.
Excerpt:“In Canada, a 4.5% Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide formula has received DIN registration as the FIRST registered Environmental Surface Sporicidal Agent with efficacy specifically against C. difficile.”

Organism Specific

Technical Bulletin - Acinetobacter baumannii (127 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP at 0.5% carries a 30-second broad-spectrum sanitizing claim against A. Baumannii and a disinfection contact time of 1 – 5 minutes depending on formulation. ”
Technical Bulletin - Airborne Transmitted Diseases (159 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“With the media publishing more and more reports on Tuberculosis and other airborne diseases, what is their relevance in terms of environmental surface cleaning and disinfection? This document will help you to better understand the basic infection control principles of controlling the transmission of Airborne Transmitted Diseases such as Tuberculosis, Chickenpox, and Measles. ”
Technical Bulletin - APIC Releases National Prevalence Study of Clostridium difficile in U.S. Healthcare Facilities (130 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
A variety of factors are coalescing to cause an increase in Clostridium difficile Illness (CDI). This includes the ageing of the U.S. population, the widespread use of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials; inadequate healthcare environmental cleaning and inadequate CDI infection control measures (e.g. delayed diagnosis, delayed isolation precautions, poor hand hygiene or environmental cleaning). These factors, together with the recent emergence of a more virulent strain of C. difficile, the North Amer
Excerpt:“As both a fast acting Hospital Grade Disinfectant and Cleaner, AHP simplifies the cleaning protocol for Environmental Services Staff as only one product needs to be used. Additionally, at the 0.5% concentration, AHP has been proven to be nontoxic (oral, dermal and respiratory), non-irritating to eyes and skin, non-skin sensitizing and free of Volatile Organic Compounds or strong odours.” pg. 3
Technical Bulletin - Avian Influenza (154 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“When looking for confidence in efficacy against potential Avian Flu viruses’ known and unknown, Health Canada registered products with a General Virucide Claim and a Broad Spectrum Bactericidal and Sanitizing Claim (gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) in short contact times would be ideal. ”
Technical Bulletin - Clostridium Difficile (136 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Clostridium difficile is an increasingly common nosocomial pathogen whose spores are very resistant to disinfectants. Many facilities in North America have experienced or are experiencing difficulties in combating Clostridium difficile and are not exactly sure as to what cleaners and/or disinfectants should be used.
Excerpt:“In Canada, a 4.5% Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide formula has received DIN registration as the first and only DIN registered Environmental Surface Sporicidal Agent with efficacy specifically against C. difficile. The formulation is available as a Gel, Liquid and Pre-moistened Wipes.”
Technical Bulletin - Extended‐Spectrum Beta (β) Lactamases (ESBLs) (294 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP at 0.5% carries a 30-second broad-spectrum sanitizing claim and a disinfection contact time of 1 – 5 minutes depending on formulation against ESBL producing bacteria such as Salmonella, Pseudomonas, E. Coli and Klebsiella. ”
Technical Bulletin - Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C (127 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document will help you and decision makers to better understand which label claims are relevant and those that are not.
Technical Bulletin - Infection control practices related to Clostridium difficile infection in acute care hospitals in Canada (89 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This study highlights the results of a survey carried out in late 2004 to identify the infection prevention and control practices for Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in Canadian Hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP).
Excerpt:“As scientific evidence has shown and this survey reinforces, the physical removal of soil and pathogens from surfaces combined with strict hand hygiene measures is generally sufficient to stop the spread of C. difficile. Understanding the importance of using a fast acting bactericidal agent during the cleaning step is a huge benefit in targeting C. diff vegetative bacteria, but only if the bactericidal agent is considered a good cleaner to avoid spreading the pathogens around the environment.” pg. 3
Technical Bulletin - Legionella pneumophila (223 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Legionellosis is an acute infection caused by a bacterium, Legionella pneumophila. This infection has two distinct syndromic presentations: 1) Legionnaire's Disease is a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia. The illness often starts with anorexia, malaise, myalgia and headache. This is followed by high fever, chills and a non‐productive cough, 2) Pontiac Fever is a mild, non life‐threatening illness. It has the same initial symptoms as Legionnaire's Disease but is not associated with pn
Excerpt:“Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide has gained a reputation for being the most effective and safest disinfection product on the market. AHP at 0.5% carries a 30-second broad-spectrum sanitizing claim and a disinfection contact time of 1 – 5 minutes depending on formulation against Vegetative Bacteria.” pg. 1
Technical Bulletin - MRSA in EMS Vehicles (171 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP is a very good cleaner as well as an effective disinfectant that carries a 30-second Broad-Spectrum Sanitizing claim which provides a 5-Log reduction (99.999% kill) against MRSA. This means that in 30-seconds the surface has been rendered safe to use. ”
Technical Bulletin - Mumps (261 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP at 0.5% carries a 30-second broad-spectrum sanitizing claim and a disinfection contact time of 1 – 5 minutes depending on formulation against both nonenveloped and enveloped viruses such as the mumps virus. ”
Technical Bulletin - Norovirus Surrogates: Feline, Murine or Human (136 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Human Noroviruses are estimated to be responsible for up to 95% of nonbacterial epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Norovirus outbreaks occur most commonly in semi‐closed communities such as nursing homes, schools, hospitals, cruise ships and military settings. Noroviruses are small, round non‐enveloped viruses that are stabile in the environment and are innately more resistance to chemical microbicides.
Excerpt:“The study was conducted by the Centre for Environmental Microbiology (CREM), an independent third party laboratory. The results concluded that the AHP-based surface disinfectants were effective against MNV. ” pg. 3
Technical Bulletin - Oxivir Tb Formulation of Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP) is Effective for Killing Clostridium Difficile Spores on Toilet Seat Surfaces (134 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“The evidence from this study shows that the Oxivir Tb formulation is a useful alternative to bleach for surface killing of C. difficile spores.”
Technical Bulletin - Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (184 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory illness in young children. RSV causes infection of the lungs and breathing passages.
Excerpt:“Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide has gained a reputation for being the most effective and safest disinfection product on the market. AHP at 0.5% carries a General Virucide claim proving efficacy against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses with contact time of 1 – 5 minutes depending on formulation.” pg. 1
Technical Bulletin - Serratia marcescens (276 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP at 0.5% carries a 30-second broad-spectrum sanitizing claim and a disinfection contact time of 1 – 5 minutes depending on formulation against gram negative bacteria such as S. marcescens. ”
Technical Bulletin - Swine Influenza (H1N1) (124 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP’s superior virucidal efficacy was recognized and subsequently recommended for the cleaning and disinfection of surfaces within all major healthcare facilities in Ontario Canada during the widely publicized SARS epidemic in early 2003. SARS was an unknown virus at the time, and therefore it was deemed exceedingly important to employ the most effective virucidal chemistry to combat its spread. AHP was chosen because of its unique ability to balance rapid effectiveness with user and patient safety.” pg. 2
Technical Bulletin - Toronto C. diff Outbreak (118 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
Excerpt:“AHP has gained a reputation for being the most effective and safest disinfection product on the market. The use of AHP at Toronto East General Hospital to help in the management of C. difficile is an excellent example to have in your arsenal of support for the use of AHP. ”
Technical Bulletin – Public Health Pests: Scabies, Lice & Bed Bugs (129 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document will help you and decision makers to better understand the basic infection control principles of controlling the transmission of Public Health Pests such as Scabies, Lice and Bed Bugs in both healthcare settings and community settings.
Technical Bulletin – Staphylococcus aureus: HA-MRSA & CA-MRSA (126 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document will help you and decision makers to better understand the basic infection control principles of controlling the transmission of HA-MRSA in healthcare settings and CA-MRSA in community settings.
Technical Bulletin – Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: VRE (122 KB): Virox Technologies Inc.
This document will help you and decision makers to better understand the basic infection control principles of controlling the transmission of VRE in healthcare settings.